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Ontogeny and Phylogeny by Stephen Jay Gould (1985, Trade Paperback)

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Ontogeny and Phylogeny, Paperback by Gould, Stephen Jay, ISBN 0674639413, ISBN-13 9780674639416, Brand New, Free shipping in the US “Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny” was Haeckel’s answer to 19th-century biology’s most vexing question: what is the relationship between individual development and the evolution of species and lineages? Gould documents the history of the idea of recapitulation from its first appearance among the pre-Socratics to its fall in the early 20th century.

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"Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny" was Haeckel's answer--the wrong one--to the most vexing question of nineteenth-century biology: what is the relationship between individual development (ontogeny) and the evolution of species and lineages (phylogeny)? In this, the first major book on the subject in fifty years, Stephen Jay Gould documents the history of the idea of recapitulation from its first appearance among the pre-Socratics to its fall in the early twentieth century. Mr. Gould explores recapitulation as an idea that intrigued politicians and theologians as well as scientists. He shows that Haeckel's hypothesis--that human fetuses with gill slits are, literally, tiny fish, exact replicas of their water-breathing ancestors--had an influence that extended beyond biology into education, criminology, psychoanalysis (Freud and Jung were devout recapitulationists), and racism. The theory of recapitulation, Gould argues, finally collapsed not from the weight of contrary data, but because the rise of Mendelian genetics rendered it untenable. Turning to modern concepts, Gould demonstrates that, even though the whole subject of parallels between ontogeny and phylogeny fell into disrepute, it is still one of the great themes of evolutionary biology. Heterochrony--changes in developmental timing, producing parallels between ontogeny and phylogeny--is shown to be crucial to an understanding of gene regulation, the key to any rapprochement between molecular and evolutionary biology. Gould argues that the primary evolutionary value of heterochrony may lie in immediate ecological advantages for slow or rapid maturation, rather than in long-term changes of form, as all previous theories proclaimed. Neoteny--the opposite of recapitulation--is shown to be the most important determinant of human evolution. We have evolved by retaining the juvenile characters of our ancestors and have achieved both behavioral flexibility and our characteristic morphology thereby (large brains by prolonged retention of rapid fetal growth rates, for example). Gould concludes that "there may be nothing new under the sun, but permutation of the old within complex systems can do wonders. As biologists, we deal directly with the kind of material complexity that confers an unbounded potential upon simple, continuous changes in underlying processes. This is the chief joy of our science."

Product Identifiers

Publisher
Harvard University Press
ISBN-10
0674639413
ISBN-13
9780674639416
eBay Product ID (ePID)
362568

Product Key Features

Author
Stephen Jay Gould
Format
Trade Paperback
Language
English
Topic
Life Sciences / Evolution, Life Sciences / Developmental Biology, Life Sciences / Biology
Publication Year
1985
Type
Textbook
Genre
Science
Number of Pages
640 Pages

Dimensions

Item Length
9.2in
Item Height
1.2in
Item Width
6.2in
Item Weight
25.5 Oz

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Reviews
In Gould's...new book...Ontogeny and Phylogeny, a scholarly study of the theory of recapitulation, he not only explains scientific theory but comments on science itself, with clarity and wit, simultaneously entertaining and teaching...[This] is a rich book., In Gould's...new book... Ontogeny and Phylogeny , a scholarly study of the theory of recapitulation, he not only explains scientific theory but comments on science itself, with clarity and wit, simultaneously entertaining and teaching...[This] is a rich book., It is rare indeed to read a new book and recognize it for a classic...Gould has given biologists a new way to see the organisms they study. The result is a major achievement., This [is a] fat, handsome book crammed with provocative ideas... Ontogeny and Phylogeny is an important and thoughtful book which will be a valuable source of ideas and controversies for anyone interested in evolutionary or developmental biology., This [is a] fat, handsome book crammed with provocative ideas...Ontogeny and Phylogeny is an important and thoughtful book which will be a valuable source of ideas and controversies for anyone interested in evolutionary or developmental biology., Gould's book--pervaded, I should say, with an erudition and felicity of style that make it a delight to read--is a radical work in every sense...It returns one's attention to the roots of our science--the questions about the great pageant of evolution, the marvelous diversity of form that our theory is meant to explain., Steve Jay Gould has given us a superb analysis of the use of ontogenetic analogy, the controversies over ontogeny and phylogeny, and the classification of the different processes observable in comparing different ontogenies. His massive book (in each chapter of which there is as much material as in whole books by other writers) is both a historical exposition of the whole subject of ontogeny and phylogeny, and...a fascinating attempt at a functional interpretation of those phylogenetic alterations that involve changes of timing developmental processes in related organisms.
Publication Name
Ontogeny and Phylogeny
Table of Content
1. Prospectus PART ONE RECAPITULATION 2. The Analogistic Tradition from Anaximander to Bonnet The Seeds of Recapitulation in Greek Science? Ontogeny and Phylogeny in the Conflict of "Evolution" and Epigenesis: The Idyll of Charles Bonnet Appendix: The Revolution in "Evolution" 3. Transcendental Origins, 1793-1860 Naturphilosophie: An Expression of Developmentalism Two Leading Recapitulationists among the Naturphilosophen: Oken and Meckel Oken's Classification of Animals Linear Additions of Organs J. F. Meckel's Sober Statement of the Same Principles Serres and the French Transcendentalists Recapitulation and the Theory of Developmental Arrests Von Baer's Critique of Recapitulation The Direction of Development and Classification of Animals Von Baer and Naturphilosophie: What Is the Universal Direction of Development? Louis Agassiz and the Threefold Parallelism 4. Evolutionary Triumph, 1859-1900 Evolutionary Theory and Zoological Practice Darwin and the Evolution of Von Baer' Laws Evolution and the Mechanics of Recapitulation Ernst Haeckel: Phylogeny as the Mechanical Cause of Ontogeny The Mechanism of Recapitulation The American Neo-Lamarckians: The Law of Acceleration as Evolution's Motor Progressive Evolution by Acceleration The Extent of Parallelism Why Does Recapitulation Dominate the History of Life? Alpheus Hyatt and Universal Acceleration Lamarckism and the Memory Analogy Recapitulation and Darwinism Appendix: The Evolutionary Translation of von Baer's Laws 5. Pervasive Influence Criminal Anthropology Racism Child Development Primary Education Freudian Psychoanalysis Epilogue 6. Decline, Fall, and Generalization A Clever Argument An Empirical Critique Organs or Ancestors: The Transformation of Haeckel's Heterochrony Interpolations into juvenile Stages Introduction of Juvenile Features into the Adults of Descendants What Had Become of von Baer's Critique? Benign Neglect: Recapitulation and the Rise of Experimental Embryology The Prior Assumptions of Recapitulation Wilhelm His and His Physiological Embryology: A Preliminary Skirmish Roux's Entwicklungsmechanik and the Biogenetic Low Recapitulation and Substantive Issues in Experimental Embryology: The New Preformationism Mendel's Resurrection, Haeckel's Fall, and the Generalization of Recapitulation PART TWO HETEROCHRONY AND PAEDOMORPHOSIS 7. Heterochrony and the Parallel of Ontogeny and Phylogeny Acceleration and Retardation Confusion in and after Haeckel's Wake Guidelines for a Resolution The Reduction of de Beer's Categories of Heterochrony to Acceleration and Retardation A Historical Paradox: The Supposed Dominance of Recapitulation Dissociability and Heterochrony Correlation and Disociability Dissociation of the Three Processes A Metric for Dissociation Temporal Shift as a Mechanism of Dissociation A Clock Model of Heterochrony Appendix: A Note on the Multivariate Representation of Dissociation 8. The Ecological and Evolutionary Significance of Heterochrony The Argument from Frequency The Importance of Recapitulation The Importance of Heterochronic Change: Selected Cases Frequency of Paedomorphosis in the Origin of Higher Taxa A Critique of the Classical
Copyright Date
1977
Dewey Decimal
575.01
Intended Audience
Scholarly & Professional
Dewey Edition
19
Illustrated
Yes

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Ontogeny and Phylogeny by Stephen Jay Gould (1985, Trade Paperback)

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